Kifid, Geschillencommissie Energie and ACM — which one for what?
Kifid for financial disputes (insurance, mortgage), GCE for energy contracts + grid, ACM for structural market breaches. Here is the map.
Three bodies, three domains. **Kifid** (kifid.nl) — Financial services: insurance, mortgage, payment service. Energy is NOT covered unless delivered via your insurer. Fee €50, ruling binding up to €100k. **Geschillencommissie Energie (GCE)** — Energy + gas contracts + grid (connection, outages). Fee €52.50 consumer, binding, 4-6 months. **ACM** — Regulator/enforcer of Energy Act, Netcode, Competition Act. No individual ruling, but fines and public warnings. Rule of thumb: contractual individual dispute = GCE; financial product = Kifid; market or law breach = ACM. When in doubt: combine (GCE for your case, ACM as a market signal).