May I record a phone call I take part in?

The Netherlands is a one-party consent jurisdiction for audio recordings of conversations. Sr Art. 139a only criminalises covert recordings by third parties not taking part in the conversation. What is ALLOWED? (1) Recording own phone call for personal use (proof of agreement, customer-service promise, hiring promise). (2) Live video call recording you participate in. (3) Meeting you attend. What is NOT allowed? (1) Publishing recording without consent of conversation partner — breaches GDPR (personal data) + portrait law (on video) + defamation risk. (2) Using recording against other in commercial or humiliating use. (3) Recording a meeting you're not part of (= Sr 139a). Practical advice: for commercial conversations (customer service, sales) recording is good evidence practice. Do mention it — "I'm recording this call as evidence" — leads to better dynamics + less later dispute. For businesses: if customer service plays "this call is recorded for quality", you fall under GDPR Art. 6/13 — privacy statement + opt-out option.