Box 3 — tax on assets + the "savings variant" since 2023

Box 3 (Income Tax Act 2001 Chapter 5) taxes assets on notional return, not actual yield. Since 1 July 2023 the "savings variant" transitional rules apply: savings get lower notional return (~1.1%), investments higher (~6.2%), debts negative. 2026 exempt: €57,000 single / €114,000 couple. Tax 36% on notional = effective 0.4-2.2% on assets depending on mix. CHRISTMAS RULING (Supreme Court 24 Dec 2021, ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1963): box-3 system through 2023 declared non-binding where ACTUAL return was lower than notional. Mass objection 2017-2022 filed; recovery mechanism via Tax Office since 2024 — automatic for most. Without automatic recovery: object (6 weeks after "new decision" or ex officio reduction request AWR art. 65). New actual-return system planned for 2027.